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osteopathic medicine
Osteopathic medicine is a branch of the medical profession practiced primarily in the United States,〔()〕〔()〕 but has also spread into other countries, notably Canada.
==United States==
(詳細はfrontier physician Andrew Taylor Still as a partial rejection of the prevailing system of medical thought of the 19th century including its frequent use of caustic and/or toxic medicinal substances and dangerous surgeries. The profession maintained ties and gradually moved closer to mainstream medicine in its practices, and came to be called "Osteopathic Medicine". Today, the training of osteopathic physicians is distinct from that of their MD counterparts due to emphasis placed on a view of the patient as a whole person, with four key principles central to the care of all patients: 1) The body is a unit of mind, body and spirit 2) The body is capable of self regulation, self healing, and health maintenance 3) Structure and Function are reciprocally interrelated 4) Rational treatment is based upon these basic principles.〔"Osteopathic Philosophy" Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine, 3rd Edition, Page 21〕 Osteopathic physicians use all conventional methods of diagnosis and treatment but are trained to place additional emphasis on the achievement of normal body mechanics as central to maintaining good health.〔Lesho, Emil. (''An Overview of Osteopathic Medicine.'' ) Arch Fam Med. 1999;8:477-484. PMID 10575385〕 In the United States, osteopathic medicine is considered by some both a profession and a social movement.〔Zuger A. (''Scorned No More, Osteopathy Is on the Rise.'' ) New York Times. 17 Feb 1998.〕 Osteopathic physicians educated in the United States should not be confused with non-physician osteopaths, whose training and practice are largely limited to manual therapeutic techniques.
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